Article 9. Financial accounting, administrative accounting, general accounting, detailed accounting

1. Accounting works of an accounting unit include financial accounting and administrative accounting.

2. When doing financial accounting and administrative accounting, the accounting unit must also do general accounting and detailed accounting as follows:

a) General accounting involves collection, processing, recording, and provision of general information about economic and financial activities of the accounting unit. General accounting uses currencies to reflect assets, sources of assets, status and outcomes of economic and financial activities of the accounting unit. General accounting is done based on information and data of detailed accounting;

b) Detailed accounting involves collection, processing, recording, and provision of detailed information in the form of currencies, objects, and working hours of each particular accounting subject of the accounting unit. Detailed accounting is meant to illustrate general accounting. Detailed accounting data must be consistent with general accounting data in an accounting period.

3. The Ministry of Finance shall provide guidance on application of administrative accounting to each field.

Article 10. Units for accounting

1. The accounting currency is Vietnam dong; its Vietnamese symbol is “đ” and international symbol is “VND”. Where an economic/financial transaction in a foreign currency occurs, the accounting unit must record the foreign currency and VND at the actual exchange rate, unless otherwise prescribed by law; if there is not exchange rate between the foreign currency and VND, it shall be exchanged into another foreign currency that has an exchange rate with VND.

An accounting unit whose most revenues and expenditures are in a foreign currency may use such foreign currency as the accounting currency and has to take legal responsibility for such action and notify its supervisory tax authority. When making a financial statement which is used in Vietnam, the accounting unit must convert the foreign currency into VND at the actual exchange rate, unless otherwise prescribed by law.

2. Items and working hours used as units for accounting are legal units of measurement of Socialist Republic of Vietnam; Where an accounting unit uses another unit of measurement, it must be converted into a legal unit of Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

3. Accounting units are allowed to round numbers, use abbreviated units when making or publishing their financial statements.

4. The government shall elaborate and provide guidance on implementation of this Article.